Coaching is a structured, client-centered process that helps individuals or groups reach their personal, professional, or performance-related goals. Through active listening, powerful questioning, feedback, and accountability, a coach partners with the client to unlock insights, build skills, and overcome obstacles. Rather than providing direct advice or solutions, coaching encourages self-discovery and empowers clients to find their own answers, leading to lasting change and personal growth. The International Coaching Federation (ICF) defines coaching as partnering in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires a person to maximize their personal and professional potential. The process of coaching often unlocks previously untapped sources of imagination, productivity and leadership. Coaching can be applied in various contexts—such as life, business, health, and executive coaching—and is widely used for personal growth, career development, leadership skills, and goal achievement.

Coaching Coaching focuses on helping individuals or groups achieve specific goals, develop new skills, or improve performance. It’s future-focused, empowering clients to unlock their potential and find solutions within themselves. Coaches don’t provide direct advice or solutions but help clients uncover insights, enhance self-awareness, and create action plans. Goal: enhancing the client's skills and performance, personal growth Premise: the client is an able expert Emphasis on the future, goals-oriented Flat and equal partnership, non-directive, client-centred Therapy Therapy (or counselling) is focused on helping individuals address emotional, psychological, or behavioural issues, often related to past experiences, trauma, or mental health concerns. The goal is to heal, manage symptoms, and improve emotional well-being. Therapy often addresses deeper emotional issues and mental health, dealing with the past and present to improve the client’s emotional well-being. Therapists may diagnose and treat mental health conditions. Goal: healing Premise: the client needs to be healed Emphasis on (mostly) the past and present Hierarchical, therapeutical, often directive Mentoring Mentoring is a developmental relationship in which a more experienced individual (the mentor) provides guidance, advice, and support to help the mentee navigate their career, personal growth, or skill development. The mentor typically shares their knowledge, experience, and wisdom to guide the mentee's development. Mentors share their expertise and personal experiences to guide the mentee’s development. Unlike consultants, who focus on solving specific problems, mentors provide broader, long-term support and advice, often in a less structured way. Goal: knowledge transfer and guidance Premise: the mentor is more experienced Centered around the relationship, not goals Hierarchical, advisory, experience-based Training Training focuses on imparting knowledge or teaching specific skills to individuals or groups. The goal is to enhance the client’s ability to perform a specific task or function. Training is often more prescriptive and content-driven, aiming to teach specific skills or knowledge. Trainers provide instruction, while coaches and consultants focus on guidance and solutions. Goal: knowledge transfer and skill development Premise: the instructor is the expert Can be more technical and industry specific Hierarchical, instructional, content-driven

Coaching is ideal if you have specific personal, professional, or performance-related goals and are unsure how to move forward. It can provide clarity and direction by helping you set actionable objectives and strategies for success. If you're open to exploring your thoughts, behaviours, and motivations, coaching can facilitate personal growth and deeper self-awareness. For those who struggle with staying on track or following through on goals, coaching offers the accountability needed to maintain progress. Coaching works best when you're open to new perspectives and willing to challenge your current way of thinking. If you feel stuck or stagnant, coaching can offer fresh strategies to break through and move forward. However, it’s important to recognize that coaching requires time, effort, and sometimes discomfort as you push yourself to grow. If you're ready to make a commitment to the process and actively engage, coaching can be a transformative and highly rewarding experience​

Coaching, as a profession, is increasingly being supported by research and evidence-based practices, though it has historically been seen as more of an art than a strictly evidence-based field. Over the years, various studies and reviews have explored the effectiveness of coaching, particularly in areas like leadership development, performance improvement, and personal growth. While coaching is not always based on standardised scientific methods like clinical therapy, there is a growing body of evidence supporting its effectiveness in achieving specific goals, improving well-being, and enhancing performance. Effectiveness in goal achievement: Studies show that coaching helps clients set, pursue, and achieve their goals, particularly in business and leadership contexts. Improvement in performance: Coaching has been found to improve individual and team performance, especially in organisational settings. Enhanced well-being: Coaching has been linked to increased self-awareness, confidence, and well-being, especially when it integrates aspects of positive psychology. Leadership development: Research indicates that coaching is highly effective in developing leadership skills, executive presence, and decision-making abilities. Coaching still faces challenges in terms of its evidence base: Lack of universal standards: The coaching profession is still working on standardising the evidence base, and different coaching methodologies may have varying levels of empirical support. Varied outcomes: The effectiveness of coaching can depend on factors like the client's readiness, the coach's expertise, and the specific context of the coaching relationship. If you wish to find out more and get direct access to research papers on the topic, visit the ICF research portal.

You’ll actively assess effectiveness and evaluate your own progress throughout the coaching process. A well-established coaching relationship keeps goals and accountability firmly in your hands, with the coach offering guidance in defining these goals, setting measurable milestones, and tracking progress over the course of their sessions. In the end, the coach also facilitates reflection on the journey, helping you appreciate the growth and achievements gained through the coaching process.

Choosing a coach is a significant decision that can shape your growth, success, and fulfillment in personal or professional areas. Here are some key steps and factors to help you choose the right coach: 1. Think about what you want to achieve. Are you looking for career advancement, personal growth, leadership skills, work-life balance, or something else? Different coaches specialize in different areas, so having clear goals can guide your selection. 2. Many reputable coaches hold certifications from organizations like the International Coaching Federation (ICF), which maintains professional standards and requires specific training and ethical guidelines. Although certifications aren’t the only indicator of quality, they can be a reliable benchmark. 3. Coaches have varying styles—some may be more directive, while others are facilitative or reflective. Make sure their approach matches your learning and personality style. Ask about their methods, whether they use specific frameworks, and how they handle challenges and feedback. 4. The relationship with your coach should feel comfortable, safe, and productive. Most coaches offer an introductory call, where you can gauge your comfort level with their communication style and see if there’s a rapport. 5. Look for testimonials from previous clients or ask for referrals. Reviews can offer insight into the coach’s impact, reliability, and the type of client experience you can expect. 6. After doing your research and speaking to a few coaches, trust your gut. The right coach will feel like a partner who challenges and supports you.

Certifications can validate a coach’s expertise, ensure adherence to professional standards, and enhance credibility with clients. Several international institutions offer coaching certifications, the most prominent and widely recognized being the International Coaching Federation (ICF), which offers three levels of certification based on experience and training hours. Associate Certified Coach (ACC): Minimum of 60 hours of coach-specific training and 100 hours of coaching experience. Professional Certified Coach (PCC): At least 125 hours of coach-specific training and 500 hours of coaching experience. Master Certified Coach (MCC): Minimum of 200 hours of coach-specific training and 2,500 hours of coaching experience. In addition to training and experience, a certification exam is required for each level. After certification, coaches must complete a specified number of training hours to maintain their credentials and continue professional development.

GROW Model The GROW Model is a goal-oriented coaching framework which guides clients through four steps: Goal (defining the objective), Reality (exploring the current situation), Options (identifying possible actions), and Will (determining the steps to move forward). It’s widely used for structured, results-driven coaching sessions. Co-Active Model Co-Active Coaching emphasises a balance between "being" (mindset, values) and "doing" (actions, goals). This model builds on the idea that coaches, clients, and their environments are equal partners in the process of transformation. It emphasizes connection, mutual empowerment, and respect for the values, emotions, and beliefs of both the client and the coach. Co-Active coaching focuses on self-discovery, developing awareness, and finding one’s answers rather than applying prescriptive techniques. Gestalt Approach Gestalt Coaching is grounded in Gestalt psychology, which emphasizes awareness, present-moment focus, and the exploration of underlying thoughts and emotions. Coaches help clients become more aware of their experiences and patterns, encouraging personal insights that lead to lasting change. The Gestalt approach believes an ideal outcome will emerge from releasing the emotional entanglement that blocks the natural flow to problem solving. Solution-Focused Approach Solution-Focused Coaching focuses on identifying strengths and solutions rather than dwelling on problems. It’s a forward-looking approach that helps clients envision their desired outcomes and develop actionable steps, emphasizing what’s working rather than what’s wrong. The solution-focused coaching model reframes issues, perspectives, or behaviors into small, realistic steps that can be taken to find the most suitable solution or resolution. Challenging Coaching Challenging Coaching, developed by Dr. John Blakey and Ian Day, is a powerful approach designed to push clients beyond their comfort zones by setting ambitious, transformative goals and fostering accountability to achieve extraordinary results. It combines high support with high challenge, encouraging clients to take ownership of their progress and embrace growth. At the core of Challenging Coaching is the FACTS framework: Feedback, Accountability, Courageous Goals, Tension, Systems Thinking. Creative Coaching Techniques Creative Coaching Techniques use exercises like visualisation, storytelling, drawing, mind-mapping, using visual cards, role-playing, and other artistic methods to engage the client’s creativity. These techniques allow clients to explore goals, challenges, and solutions in new ways, often leading to innovative insights and breakthroughs. Creative techniques can be a powerful way of deepening awareness, they are an alternative to the more cognitive technique of questioning and go into more creative areas of the brain that think beyond words.